Ni Suy 2 Chiu
Chiu 1 Lab 2: Rectifiers Objectives The objective of this lab is for you to become familiar with the functionality of a diode in circuits. We will experiment the use of diodes in limiting and rectifying circuits. We will also learn how to use LabView – a virtual instrument and automated measurement program. In 2011, Xian began courting fellow Star Magic artist and leading lady Kim Chiu. Lim and Chiu began dating in 2012, which was confirmed in a 2013 episode of Kris TV. On November 15, 2018, Kim Chiu finally confirms her relationship with Xian Lim on her.
Ríu Ríu Chíu, also known as Ríu Chíu, is a Spanishvillancico that has attained some contemporary fame as a Christmas carol.
Sources[edit]
The villancico is attributed by some sources[1] to Mateo Flecha the Elder, who died in 1553; it has also been described as anonymous.[2] The song also bears a strong resemblance to another villancico, Falalanlera, by Bartomeu Càrceres, a Catalan composer.[3] It is known from a single source, the Cancionero de Upsala, published in 1556 in Venice; a unique copy is preserved at the library of the University of Uppsala. The song appears as the fortieth song of that collection.[4]Daniel R. Melamed described the song as 'redoubtable', and mentions it as a contender for the best known piece of Renaissance music.[5]
The apparently nonsense syllables ríu ríu chíu are often taken to represent the song of a nightingale,[6] but are more appropriately heard as the predator call of a kingfisher.[7]
Riu translates as river in the Catalan Language, in agreement with the birth place of the accredited composer, and was translated as river by the Monkees singing group, where the roaring river prevented a wolf from crossing to attack sheep.
In Italian language chiu is a root verb meaning close as shown in conjugation of the infinitive. At the time of publication Mateo Flecha was employed by the Duke of Calabria who had a claim to the throne of Naples, which at that time was a kingdom in Italy. The title Riu, Riu, Chiu can be expressed with multiple meanings.
Themes[edit]
The basic theme of the song is the nativity of Christ and the Immaculate Conception. The refrain which gives the villancico its title goes:
Ni Suy 2 Chiu De
Ríu, ríu, chíu, la guarda ribera,
Dios guardó el lobo de nuestra cordera.[8]
- '[With a cry of] Ríu, ríu, chíu, the kingfisher, God kept the wolf from our Lamb [Mary, spared of the original sin at birth].'
Ni Suy 2 Chiu Youtube
The Immaculate Conception is mentioned in the lyrics:
El lobo rabioso la quiso morder
Mas Dios Poderoso la supo defender
Quísola hacer que no pudiese pecar
Ni aun original esta virgen no tuviera.
- 'The raging wolf sought to bite her, but God Almighty knew to defend her; He chose to make her so that she could not sin; no original sin was found in that virgin.'
The song also mentions themes of the Incarnation and Christmas:
Éste que es nacido es el Gran Monarca
Cristo Patriarca de carne vestido
Hamos redimido con se hacer chiquito
Aunque era infinito finito se hiciera.
- 'This one that is born is the Great King, Christ the Patriarch clothed in flesh. He redeemed us when He made himself small, though He was Infinite He would make himself finite.'
Yo vi mil Garzones que andavan cantando
Por aqui volando haciendo mil sones
Diciendo a gascones Gloria sea en el Cielo
Y paz en el suelo pues Jesús nasciera.
- 'I saw a thousand boys (angels) go singing, here making a thousand voices while flying, telling the shepherds of glory in the heavens, and peace to the world since Jesus has been born'[9]
Performances[edit]
Classical and early music performers of the song include the Boston Camerata and the Oxford Camerata. The song has crossed over to popular performance, and appears on Christmas themed collections, including David Archuleta's Christmas from the Heart, Sixpence None the Richer's The Dawn of Grace, Bruce Cockburn's Christmas, Terry McDade and The McDades' Midwinter, Fred Penner's The Season (1990), and Bradley Joseph's Christmas Around the World.
The song appears on The Kingston Trio's 1961 album Goin' Places, listed as 'Guardo el Lobo,' and credited to musicologist Erich Schwandt.
In 1967 The Monkees performed the song live on a Christmas episode of their TV series, 'The Monkees' Christmas Show'. A studio version was released on subsequent compilation albums (and later on their 2018 album Christmas Party). It is likely they learned the song from their producer, Chip Douglas, who himself performed it with his former band The Modern Folk Quartet on their 1964 album Changes.
The song also appeared on the 2003 Chanticleer album 'A Portrait', and is on the 'A Cappella Magic' album by the Basilica Choir of the National Shrine of Mary, Queen of the Universe, in Orlando, Florida.
The song appears on Canadian singer Patricia O'Callaghan's Christmas album 'Deepest December'. Diagnostic link 8.08 activation tool.
References[edit]
| Spanish Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- ^Cancionera de Upsala at ChoralWiki, below
- ^Pegram Johnson III and Edna M. Troiano, The Roads from Bethlehem: Christmas Literature from Writers Ancient and Modern (Westminster John Knox Press, 1993; ISBN0-664-22157-2), pp 130-131
- ^Bartomeu Càrceres, Opera omnia, (Biblioteca de Catalunya, 1995; ISBN84-7845-121-8), pp. 79-81
- ^Cancionero de Upsala at ChoralWiki
- ^Daniel R. Melamed, 'Who wrote Lassus's most famous piece', Early Music 1998 XXVI(1):6-28.
- ^Riu Riu Chiu at allmusic.com.
- ^'guarda rivera' ('he guards the riverbank') is analogous to 'guardarrio' ('he guards the river'), a current and older Spanish word for 'kingfisher'[1]. The European Kingfisher nests in riverbanks and aggressively defends its young against predators.[2]. This kingfisher behavior would have been familiar to anyone in rural 16th century Europe.
- ^This line is frequently misquoted as “Dios guardó del lobo a nuestra cordera”, but the original text is as given here. See Càrceres, Bartomeu. Opera Omnia. Biblioteca de Catalunya, Jan 1, 1995. p.80.
- ^Paco Marmol and Manolo Casaus, eds, 'Riu Riu Chiu'
External links[edit]
- Covers on WhoSampled
Ni Shu (Chinese: 倪曙), courtesy nameMengxi (孟曦), was an official of the ChineseTang dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han, serving as a chancellor during Southern Han.
- 1Biography
Biography[edit]
Early life[edit]
Ni Suy 2 Chiu Md
It is not known when Ni Shu was born, but it is known that his family was from Houguan (侯官, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian).
Tang dynasty political career[edit]
He was nominated for the imperial examinations in the Jinshi class in 877, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang, and went to the Tang Dynasty capital Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., Chang'an) to be tested. At that time, the mayor of Jingzhao, Cui Yu (崔淯), was reinstitution a custom where nominated Jinshi examinees first had to go through a qualifying examination, and he had the sheriff of one of Chang'an's counties, Wannian (萬年), test the examinees on poetry. Ni ranked fifth on this examination, which apparently did not qualify him for further examination at that point. He resubmitted himself for Jinshi examinations during Emperor Xizong's Zhonghe era (881-885), and he passed the examinations. He was then made Taixue Boshi (太學博士), a professor at the imperial university. His writing was said to be elegant and known to Emperor Xizong, and his poetry was particularly known. Later in Emperor Xizong's reign, with the imperial realm being engulfed in Huang Chao's rebellion, Ni left his post without leave and went home to Fu Prefecture (福州), which Houguan belonged to.[1]
Subsequent life and career[edit]
After Ni Shu returned to Fu Prefecture, there was a time when Wang Yanbin (王延彬), the nephew of Wang Shenzhi the military governor of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered in modern Fuzhou), was the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian).[1][2] Wang Yanbin invited many guests to his headquarters, and Ni, along with other Jinshi examinees Xu Yin (徐寅) and Chen Tan (陳郯) became his guests, often spending time writing and reciting poetry, as well as drinking.[1]
After a long period of being Wang Yanbin's guest, Ni decided to take a journey to the Lingnan region. Liu Yin, who then ruled the region as the military governor of Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), had long heard of Ni, and he welcomed Ni and treated him well. Ni therefore remained to serve on Liu's staff.[1]
After Liu Yin's death, Liu's brother Liu Yan took over the region, and proclaimed an independent state of Southern Han as its Emperor Gaozu in 917.[3] He made Ni the deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎, Gongbu Shilang), and then Shangshu Zuocheng (尚書左丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng).[1] In 921, he gave Ni the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making Ni a chancellor.[4] That was the last recorded act involving Ni, who was said to later die in office as chancellor. It was said that Ni was capable of administering imperial examinations, and that he compiled a volume of his poetry.[1]
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ abcdefBook of Southern Han (南漢書), vol. 3.
- ^It appeared that Wang Yanbin became prefect of Quan in or about 904, so Ni's interaction would have been around that time or after. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 271.
- ^Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 270.
- ^Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 271.
- Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 271.
- Book of Southern Han (南漢書), vol. 3.
- Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋), vol. 62.
